CD44-HA Mediate Adhesion of MDA-MB-231 Cells and HL60 Cells under Fluid Shear Flow / 医用生物力学

Objective To explore how hyaluronic acid ( HA) in extracellular matrix regulates the adhesion ofCD44+tumor cells. Methods MDA-MB-231 cells or HL60 cells were perfused in a parallel plate chamber. Themovement of cells over immobilized HA was observed and analyzed to obtain the characteristics of cell adhesionand rolling. Results The adhesion number of MDA-MB-231 cells on HA substrate was positively regulated by HAconcentration, but not by HA molecular weight. Compared with physically adsorbed HA, immobilized HA byavidin-biotin could significantly improve the cell adhesion ratio. With the increase of shear stress in the range of30-50 mPa, the rolling velocity of cells increased and the adhesion ratio decreased, but the tether lifetime of cellswas not affected. In the same flow field, compared with MDA-MB-231 cells, HL60 cells with low expression ofCD44 rolled more quickly on immobilized HA, with shorter tether lifetime and much lower adhesion ratio(<1. 5% ). Conclusions Fluid shear stress might mediate the rolling velocity of MDA-MB-231 cells by regulatingthe CD44-HA association rate rather than their dissociation rate. The interaction between CD44 and HA is involved in the initial adhesion of HL60 cells, but it does not play a major role. This study will provide references for the design of anti-tumor drugs.

Incidence and prognosis of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain: a national multi-center survey of 35 566 population / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.

Comparison of pingyangmycin fibrin glue composite and pingyangmycin dexamethasone composite in the treatment of pharyngolaryngeal venous malformation / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To analyze and compare the efficacy and safety of pingyangmycin fibrin glue composite (PFG) and pingyangmycin dexamethasone composite (PD) in the treatment of pharyngolaryngeal venous malformation (VM). Methods: The clinical data of 98 patients with pharyngolaryngeal VM who underwent sclerotherapy with pingyangmycin composite in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from June 2013 to November 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to their treatment, patients were divided into PFG group (n=34) and PD group (n=64), among those patients there were 54 males and 44 females, aged 1-77(37.06±18.86)years. The lesion size, total treatment times and adverse events were recorded before and after treatment. And the efficacy was divided into three grades: recovery, effective and invalid. According to the length of VM, all patients were divided into three subgroups, to compare the differences in efficacy and treatment times between each two groups.And finally the adverse events and their treatments were analyzed. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The efficacy of PFG group was 94.11%(32/34), the recovery rate was 85.29%(29/34).And the efficacy of PD group was 93.75%(60/64), the recovery rate was 64.06%(41/64). No serious adverse eventst occurred in subgroup comparison, there was no statistical difference between the two groups in efficacy and the times of treatments when the length was≤3 cm (Zefficacy=1.04, ttreatment times=2.18, P>0.05); when the length was 3-5 cm, there was no significant efficacy difference between the two groups(Zefficacy=1.17, P>0.05), but the treatment times of PFG were less (ttreatment times=4.87, P<0.01); when the length≥5 cm, efficacy of PFG was significantly better than PD (Zefficacy=2.94, P<0.01), and had fewer treatments times (ttreatment times=2.16, P<0.01). There were no serious adverse events in either group during treatment and follow-up. Conclusion: Both PFG and PD are safe and effective composite sclerotherapy agent for the treatment of laryngeal VM, but PFG has a higher cure rate and fewer treatment times for massive lesions.

Impact of sinonasal anatomic changes after endoscopic anterior skull base surgery on nasal airflow and air conditioning: a computational fluid dynamics study / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To analyze the impact of the sinonasal anatomic changes after endonasal endoscopic anterior skull base surgery on the nasal airflow and heating and humidification by computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and to explore the correlation between the postoperative CFD parameters and the subjective symptoms of the patients. Methods: The clinical data in the Rhinology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2016 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients received the endoscopic resection of the anterior skull base tumor were selected as the case group, and the adults whose CT scans had no sinonasal abnormalities were chosen as the control group. The CFD simulation was performed on the sinonasal models after reconstructed from the patients' sinus CT images during the post-surgical follow-up. All the patients were asked to complete the Empty Nose Syndrome 6-Item Questionnaire (ENS6Q) to assess the subjective symptoms. The comparison between two independent groups and the correlation analysis were carried out by using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Spearman correlation test in the SPSS 26.0 software. Results: Nineteen patients (including 8 males and 11 females, from 22 to 67 years old) in the case group and 2 patients (a male of 38 years old and a female of 45 years old) in the control group were enrolled in this study. After the anterior skull base surgery, the high-speed airflow moved to the upper part of the nasal cavity, and the lowest temperature shifted upwards on the choana. Comparing with the control group, the ratio of nasal mucosal surface area to nasal ventilation volume in the case group decreased [0.41 (0.40, 0.41) mm-1 vs 0.32 (0.30, 0.38) mm-1; Z=-2.04, P=0.041], the air flow in the upper and middle part of the nasal cavity increased [61.14 (59.78, 62.51)% vs 78.07 (76.22, 94.43)%; Z=-2.28, P=0.023], the nasal resistance decreased [0.024 (0.022, 0.026) Pa·s/ml vs 0.016 (0.009, 0.018) Pa·s/ml; Z=-2.29, P=0.022], the lowest temperature in the middle of the nasal cavity decreased [28.29 (27.23, 29.35)℃ vs 25.06 (24.07, 25.50)℃; Z=-2.28, P=0.023], the nasal heating efficiency decreased [98.74 (97.95, 99.52)% vs 82.16 (80.24, 86.91)%; Z=-2.28, P=0.023], the lowest relative humidity decreased [(79.62 (76.55, 82.69)% vs 73.28 (71.27, 75.05)%; Z=-2.28, P=0.023], and the nasal humidification efficiency decreased [99.50 (97.69, 101.30)% vs 86.09 (79.33, 87.16)%; Z=-2.28, P=0.023]. The ENS6Q total scores of all patients in the case group were less than 11 points. There was a moderate negative correlation between the proportion of the inferior airflow in the post-surgical nasal cavity negatively and the ENS6Q total scores (rs=-0.50, P=0.029). Conclusions: The sinonasal anatomic changes after the endoscopic anterior skull base surgery alter the nasal airflow patterns, reducing the efficiency of nasal heating and humidification. However, the post-surgical occurrence tendency of the empty nose syndrome is weak.

Feasibility of a single-port thoracoscopy-assisted five-step laparoscopic procedure via transabdominal diaphragmatic approach for No.111 lymphadenectomy in patients with Siewert type II esophageal gastric junction adenocarcinoma / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: We aimed to explore the feasibility of a single-port thoracoscopy- assisted five-step laparoscopic procedure via transabdominal diaphragmatic(TD) approach(abbreviated as five-step maneuver) for No.111 lymphadenectomy in patients with Siewert type II esophageal gastric junction adenocarcinoma (AEG). Methods: This was a descriptive case series study. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) age 18-80 years; (2) diagnosis of Siewert type II AEG; (3) clinical tumor stage cT2-4aNanyM0; (4) meeting indications of the transthoracic single-port assisted laparoscopic five-step procedure incorporating lower mediastinal lymph node dissection via a TD approach; (5) Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) 0-1; and (6) American Society of Anesthesiologists classification I, II, or III. The exclusion criteria included previous esophageal or gastric surgery, other cancers within the previous 5 years, pregnancy or lactation, and serious medical conditions. We retrospectively collected and analyzed the clinical data of 17 patients (age [mean ± SD], [63.6±11.9] years; and 12 men) who met the inclusion criteria in the Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from January 2022 to September 2022. No.111 lymphadenectomy was performed using five-step maneuver as follows: superior to the diaphragm, starting caudad to the pericardium, along the direction of the cardio-phrenic angle and ending at the upper part of the cardio-phrenic angle, right to the right pleura and left to the fibrous pericardium , completely exposing the cardio-phrenic angle. The primary outcome includes the numbers of harvested and of positive No.111 lymph nodes. Results: Seventeen patients (3 proximal gastrectomy and 14 total gastrectomy) had undergone the five-step maneuver including lower mediastinal lymphadenectomy without conversion to laparotomy or thoracotomy and all had achieved R0 resection with no perioperative deaths. The total operative time was (268.2±32.9) minutes, and the lower mediastinal lymph node dissection time was (34.0±6.0) minutes. The median estimated blood loss was 50 (20-350) ml. A median of 7 (2-17) mediastinal lymph nodes and 2(0-6) No. 111 lymph nodes were harvested. No. 111 lymph node metastasis was identified in 1 patient. The time to first flatus occurred 3 (2-4) days postoperatively and thoracic drainage was used for 7 (4-15) days. The median postoperative hospital stay was 9 (6-16) days. One patient had a chylous fistula that resolved with conservative treatment. No serious complications occurred in any patient. Conclusion: The single-port thoracoscopy-assisted five-step laparoscopic procedure via a TD approach can facilitate No. 111 lymphadenectomy with few complications.

Pharmacodynamics of human interferon α1b against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron strain in vitro / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To evaluate the pharmacodynamics of human interferon(IFN)α1b against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)Omicron strain in vitro.Methods Total four drugs human IFNα1b bulk,human IFNα1b eye drops,human IFNα1b spray and Remdesivir were detected for cytotoxicity by CCK-8 assay.The inhibitory effect of human IFNα1b on SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strains(BA.5/BA.2/BA.1)was determined by qPCR.Results Human IFNα1b bulk of the maximum concentration(1 × 107IU/mL)and Remdesivir of the maximum concentration(150 μmol/L)did not achieve half cytotoxicity to Vero cells;The median cytotoxicity concentrations(CC_(50))of human IFNα1b eye drops and human IFNα1b sprays were 29 958 and 37 550 IU/mL,respectively,showing toxicity to Vero cells.The median effective concentrations(EC_(50))of human IFNα1b against virus strains BA.1,BA.2 and BA.5 after incubation for 2 h in advance were 9.30,13.38 and 12.33 IU/mL and those of Remdesivir were 0.314 7,0.291 0 and0.300 3 μmol/L.When incubation with virus simultaneously,the EC_(50)of human IFNα1b to BA.1,BA.2 and BA.5 were19.68,10.91 and 18.84 IU/mL and those of the control drug Remdesivir were 0.320 5,0.274 4 and 0.304 1 μmol/L,respectively.Conclusion At the cell level in vitro,human IFNα1b of very low activity showed a good inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain,which was expected to be a clinical specific drug for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain infection.

Lingnan Fire-needle on Inhibiting Melanocyte Apoptosis in Vitiligo Model Mice by Regulating Hippo-YAP Signaling Pathway / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of fire-needle of Lingnan on the vitiligo model after hydroquinone-induced oxidative stress based on the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. MethodsC57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal group （Control）， model group （HQ）， HQ+fire-needle group （FA）， and positive control group （Halometasone）， with 8 mice in each group. The vitiligo model was prepared by hydroquinone （HQ）. The skin pathological changes were observed by depigmentation score， HE staining and Masson-Fontana. Elisa was used to detect the levels of tyrosinase （TYR）， malondialdehyde （MDA） and monoamine oxidase （MAO）.Western-blot and PCR were used to detect the expression of Yap1 and Tp73 among the groups. ResultsCompared with the control group， the epidermis and dermis were significantly thicker. The number of melanocyte hair follicles， basal melanocytes， epidermal cells containing melanin granules were significantly decreased， and the depigmentation score was significantly reduced（P＜0.01）. The level of TYR decreased， and the levels of MDA and MAO increased after modeling（P＜0.01）. The expression of Yap1 and Tp73 were significantly reduced （P<0.01）. The dermis became thinner in the halometasone and FA group after treatment of 4 weeks. The number of melanocyte hair follicles， basal melanocytes， epidermal cells containing melanin granules increased （P<0.05）. Compared with that of the HQ group， the level of TYR in the halometasone group and FA group was significantly increased （P<0.01）. The levels of MDA and MAO in the FA group were decreased （P<0.05）. The expressions of Yap1 and Tp73 in the FA group were significantly increased （P<0.01）， and their effects were better than those in the Halometasone group （P<0.05）. ConclusionsFire-needle of Lingnan protects melanocytes from oxidative stress by activating the Hippo-YAP pathway. It enhances the synthesis and function of melanocytes and promotes repigmentation by reducing the content and activity of oxidative stress products.

Risk Factors for in-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Takotsubo Syndrome / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo analyze the risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with Takotsubo Syndrome （TTS）. MethodsHospitalization data of consecutive patients with TTS from February 2009 to January 2022 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Patients were divided into survival group and death group according to outcomes. The basic clinical information， triggering factors， laboratory examinations， electrocardiogram， echocardiography， complications and treatments of the two groups were compared. Univariable logistic regression analysis was used to screen the possible risk factors for in-hospital mortality in TTS patients， and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality in TTS patients. ResultsA total of 62 TTS patients were included in our study， including 21 males （33.9%）， 41 females （66.1%） and 26 postmenopausal women （41.9%）， with the mean age of （55.6±16.2） years， and physical triggers were found in 50 patients （80.6%）. 17 patients （27.4%） died while 45 patients （72.6%） survived during hospitalization. The death group had lower systolic blood pressure and left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， higher incidence rate of syncope， higher level of N-terminal pro-B natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） and hypersensitive troponin T （hs TnT） when compared with survival group （all P value <0.05）. As for the triggering factors， the proportion of TTS induced by neurologic disorders in the death group was higher than that in the survival group （P<0.05）. The death group had higher rates of cardiogenic shock， malignant ventricular arrhythmia， atrial fibrillation， and respiratory failure （all P value <0.05）. Compared with the survival group， therapeutic dopamine， therapeutic norepinephrine， hemodialysis and mechanical ventilation were higher in the death group （all P value <0.05）. Univariable logistic regression analysis suggested that syncope， NT-proBNP， LVEF， neurologic disorders， cardiogenic shock， malignant ventricular arrhythmia， atrial fibrillation， respiratory failure， therapeutic dopamine， therapeutic norepinephrine， hemodialysis and mechanical ventilation were potential risk factors for in-hospital mortality in TTS patients （all P value <0.05）. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that neurologic disorders ［OR（95%CI）=5.651（1.195，26.715），P=0.029］， atrial fibrillation ［OR（95%CI）=6.217（1.276，30.298）， P=0.024）］ and therapeutic norepinephrin ［OR（95%CI）=8.847（1.912，40.949）， P=0.005］ were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality in TTS patients. ConclusionsNeurologic disorders， atrial fibrillation and therapeutic norepinephrin are independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with Takotsubo Syndrome. Clinically， attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of neurologic disorders and atrial fibrillation； norepinephrine should be carefully used in patients with diagnosed TTS complicated with hemodynamic instability.

Anemoside B4 regulates fatty acid metabolism reprogramming in mice with colitis-associated cancer / 中国中药杂志

The study aimed to investigate the effect of anemoside B4(B4) on fatty acid metabolism in mice with colitis-associated cancer(CAC). The CAC model was established by azoxymethane(AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate(DSS) in mice. Mice were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose anemoside B4 groups. After the experiment, the length of the mouse colon and the size of the tumor were measured, and the pathological alterations in the mouse colon were observed using hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The slices of the colon tumor were obtained for spatial metabolome analysis to analyze the distribution of fatty acid metabolism-related substances in the tumor. The mRNA levels of SREBP-1, FAS, ACCα, SCD-1, PPARα, ACOX, UCP-2, and CPT-1 were determined by real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR). The results revealed that the model group showed decreased body weight(P<0.05) and colon length(P<0.001), increased number of tumors, and increased pathological score(P<0.01). Spatial metabolome analysis revealed that the content of fatty acids and their derivatives, carnitine, and phospholipid in the colon tumor was increased. RT-qPCR results indicated that fatty acid de novo synthesis and β-oxidation-related genes, such as SREBP-1, FASN, ACCα, SCD-1, ACOX, UCP-2, and CPT-1 mRNA expression levels increased considerably(P<0.05, P<0.001). After anemoside B4 administration, the colon length increased(P<0.01), and the number of tumors decreased in the high-dose anemoside B4 group(P<0.05). Additionally, spatial metabolome analysis showed that anemoside B4 could decrease the content of fatty acids and their derivatives, carnitine, and phospholipids in colon tumors. Meanwhile, anemoside B4 could also down-regulate the expression of FASN, ACCα, SCD-1, PPARα, ACOX, UCP-2, and CPT-1 in the colon(P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001). The findings of this study show that anemoside B4 may inhibit CAC via regulating fatty acid metabolism reprogramming.

Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Ajania plants / 中国中药杂志

Ajania belonging to the subtribe Artemisiinae of Anthemideae(Asteraceae) is a genus of semi-shrubs closely related to Chrysanthemum. There are 24 species of Ajania in northwestern China, most of which are folk herbal medicines with strong stress tolerance. Modern medical studies have demonstrated that the chemical constituents of Ajania mainly include terpenoids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, alkynes, and essential oils. These compounds endow the plants with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimalarial, antioxidant, and insecticide effects. In this study, we reviewed the research progress in the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Ajania, aiming to provide reference for the further research and development of Ajania.

Changes of intestinal wall barrier function and its correlation with susceptibility to infection in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To investigate the changes of intestinal wall barrier function and its correlation with infection occurrence in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension. Methods: 263 patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension were split into: the clinically evident portal hypertension (CEPH) combined with infection group (n = 74); CEPH group (n = 104); and Non-CEPH group (n = 85). Among them, 20 CEPH patients and 12 non-CEPH patients in non-infection status were subjected to sigmoidoscopy. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of trigger receptor-1 (TREM-1), CD68, CD14, the inducible nitric oxide synthase molecule, and Escherichia coli (E.coli) in the medullary cells of the colon mucosa. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of soluble myeloid cell trigger receptor-1 (sTREM-1), soluble leukocyte differentiation antigen-14 subtype (sCD14-ST) and intestinal wall permeability index enteric fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP). Fisher's exact probability method, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis-H test, Bonferroni method, and Spearman correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results: The serum sTREM-1 and I-FABP levels were higher in CEPH patients than those of non-CEPH patients in the non-infectious state (P < 0.05), but the difference in blood sCD14-ST levels was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Serum levels of sTREM-1, sCD14-ST, and I-FABP in infected patients were higher than those in patients without a concurrent infection (P < 0.05). Serum sCD14-ST levels were positively correlated with serum sTREM-1, C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT), and sTREM-1 levels were also positively correlated with CRP and PCT (r > 0.5, P < 0.001). The rates of CD68, inducible nitric oxide synthase, CD14-positive cells, and E.coli-positive glands were higher in the intestinal mucosa of the CEPH group than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Spearman's correlation analysis showed that the rate of E.coli-positive glands in CEPH patients was positively correlated with the expression of molecular markers CD68 and CD14 in the lamina propria macrophages. Conclusion: Patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension have increased intestinal permeability and inflammatory cells, accompanied by bacterial translocation. Serum sCD14-ST and sTREM-1 can be used as indicators to predict and evaluate the occurrence of infection in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.

The Association between Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke and Disease in the Chinese Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the association between exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) and 23 diseases, categorized into four classifications, among the Chinese population.@*METHODS@#We searched the literature up to June 30, 2021, and eligible studies were identified according to the PECOS format: Participants and Competitors (Chinese population), Exposure (SHS), Outcomes (Disease or Death), and Study design (Case-control or Cohort).@*RESULTS@#In total, 53 studies were selected. The odds ratio (OR) for all types of cancer was 1.79 (1.56-2.05), and for individual cancers was 1.92 (1.42-2.59) for lung cancer, 1.57 (1.40-1.76) for breast cancer, 1.52 (1.12-2.05) for bladder cancer, and 1.37 (1.08-1.73) for liver cancer. The OR for circulatory system diseases was 1.92 (1.29-2.85), with a value of 2.29 (1.26-4.159) for stroke. The OR of respiratory system diseases was 1.76 (1.13-2.74), with a value of 1.82 (1.07-3.11) for childhood asthma. The original ORs were also shown for other diseases. Subgroup analyses were performed for lung and breast cancer. The ORs varied according to time period and were significant during exposure in the household; For lung cancer, the OR was significant in women.@*CONCLUSION@#The effect of SHS exposure in China was similar to that in Western countries, but its definition and characterization require further clarification. Studies on the association between SHS exposure and certain diseases with high incidence rates are insufficient.

Surgical treatment for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a five-year single-center experience of 421 cases / 中华外科杂志

Objectives: To examine the short-term and mid-term effects of surgical treatment of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in one center. Methods: The perioperative data and short-term follow-up outcomes of 421 patients with obstructive HCM who received surgical treatment at Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from January 2017 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 207 males and 214 females, aged (56.5±11.7) years (range: 19 to 78 years). Preoperative New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification included 45 cases of class Ⅱ, 328 cases in class Ⅲ, and 48 cases in class Ⅳ. Fifty-eight patients were diagnosed with latent obstructive HCM and 257 patients had moderate or more mitral regurgitation with 56 patients suffering from intrinsic mitral valve diseases. All procedures were completed by a multidisciplinary team, including professional echocardiologists involving in preoperative planning for proper mitral valve management strategies and intraoperative monitoring. A total of 338 patients underwent septal myectomy alone, and 59 patients underwent mitral valve surgery along with myectomy. A single transaortic approach was used in 355 patients, and a right atrial-atrial septal/atrial sulcus approach was used in 51 other patients. Long-handled minimally invasive surgical instruments were used for the procedures. Student t test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, χ2 test or Fisher exact test were used to compare the data before and after surgery. Results: The aortic cross-clamping time of septal myectomy alone was (34.3±8.5) minutes (range: 21 to 94 minutes). Eighteen patients had intraoperative adverse events and underwent immediate reoperation, including residual obstruction (10 patients), left ventricular free wall rupture (4 patients), ventricular septal perforation (3 patients), and aortic valve perforation (1 patient). Four patients died during hospitalization, and 11 patients developed complete atrioventricular block requiring permanent pacemaker implantation. After discharge, 384 (92.1%) patients received a follow-up visit with a median duration of 9 months. All follow-up patients survived with significantly improved NYHA classifications: 216 patients in class Ⅰ and 168 patients in class Ⅱ (χ2=662.73, P<0.01 as compared to baseline). At 6 months after surgery, follow-up echocardiography showed that the thickness of the ventricular septum ((13.6±2.5) mm vs. (18.2±3.0) mm, t=23.51, P<0.01) and the peak left ventricular outflow tract gradient ((12.0±6.3) mmHg vs. (93.4±19.8) mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa, t=78.29, P<0.01) were both significantly lower than baseline values. Conclusion: The construction of the surgical team (including echocardiography experts), proper mitral valve management strategies, identification and management of sub-mitral-valve abnormalities, and application of long-handled minimally invasive surgical instruments are important for the successful implementation of septal myectomy with satisfactory short-and medium-term outcomes.

Impact of Smoke-Free Legislation on Acute Myocardial Infarction and Subtypes of Stroke Incidence in Shenzhen, China, 2012-2016: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study assesses the impact of smoke-free legislation on the incidence rate for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke in Shenzhen.@*METHODS@#Data on ischemic ( n = 72,945) and hemorrhagic ( n = 18,659) stroke and AMI ( n = 17,431) incidence covering about 12 million people in Shenzhen from 2012 to 2016 were used. Immediate and gradual changes in incidence rates were analyzed using segmented Poisson regression.@*RESULTS@#Following the smoke-free legislation, a 9% (95% CI: 3%-15%) immediate reduction was observed in AMI incidence, especially in men (8%, 95% CI: 1%-14%) and in those aged 65 years and older (17%, 95% CI: 9%-25%). The gradual annual benefits were observed only in hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke incidence, with a 7% (95% CI: 2%-11%) and 6% (95% CI: 4%-8%) decrease per year, respectively. This health effect extended gradually to the 50-64 age group. In addition, neither the immediate nor gradual decrease in stroke and AMI incidence rates did not show statistical significance among the 35-49 age group ( P > 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Smoke-free legislation was enforced well in Shenzhen, which would generate good experiences for other cities to enact and enforce smoke-free laws. This study also provided more evidence of the health benefits of smoke-free laws on stroke and AMI.

Comparison of mouse models of depression induced by different modeling methods / 生理学报

The present article was aimed to compare the effectiveness of different induction methods for depression models. Kunming mice were randomly divided into chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) group, corticosterone (CORT) group, and CUMS+CORT (CC) group. The CUMS group received CUMS stimulation for 4 weeks, and the CORT group received subcutaneous injection of 20 mg/kg CORT into the groin every day for 3 weeks. The CC group received both CUMS stimulation and CORT administration. Each group was assigned a control group. After modeling, forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and sucrose preference test (SPT) were used to detect the behavioral changes of mice, and the serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and CORT were detected with ELISA kits. Attenuated total refraction (ATR) spectra of mouse serum were collected and analyzed. HE staining was used to detect morphological changes in mouse brain tissue. The results showed that the weight of model mice from the CUMS and CC groups decreased significantly. There was no significant change in immobility time of model mice from the three groups in FST and TST, while the glucose preference of model mice from the CUMS and CC groups was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The serum 5-HT levels of model mice from the CORT and CC groups were significantly reduced, while the serum BDNF and CORT levels of model mice from the CUMS, CORT, and CC groups showed no significant changes. Compared with their respective control groups, the three groups showed no significant difference in the one-dimensional spectrum of serum ATR. The difference spectrum analysis results of the first derivative of the spectrogram showed that the CORT group had the greatest difference from its respective control group, followed by the CUMS group. The structures of hippocampus in the model mice from the three groups were all destroyed. These results suggest that both CORT and CC treatments can successfully construct a depression model, and the CORT model is more effective than the CC model. Therefore, CORT induction can be used to establish a depression model in Kunming mice.

Study on the effects of 17-hydroxy-jolkinolide B on the proliferation and apoptosis of human triple-negative breast cancer cells / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of the active component 17-hydroxy-jolkinolide B （HJB） of Euphorbia fischeriana on the proliferation and apoptosis of human triple-negative breast cancers （TNBC） MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. METHODS MTT assay was adopted to detect the inhibitory rate of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells proliferation after treated with 0 （blank control），5，10，20，40，80 μmol/L HJB for 24， 48 and 72 h. Laser confocal microscope and flow cytometry were adopted to detect the apoptosis， mitochondrial membrane potential（MMP） and reactive oxygen species （ROS） of above 2 kinds of cells after treated with 0 （blank control）， 10，20，40 μmol/L HJB for 24 h. Western blot assay was used to detect the expressions of B cell lymphoma-2（ Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， cytochrome-C （Cyt-C）， caspase-3， cleaved caspase- 3， caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-9. RESULTS Compared with blank control group， 5，10，20，40，80 μmol/L HJB could significantly increase the inhibitory rate of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells proliferation （P＜0.05）， in dose- and time- dependent trend. After 24 h treatment of HJB （10，20，40 μmol/L）， the apoptosis of above 2 kinds of cells increased， and the total apoptotic rate increased significantly （P＜0.05）； the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased significantly （P＜0.05）； the level of ROS increased significantly （P＜0.05）； the protein expressions of Bcl-2， caspase-3 and caspase-9 were decreased significantly （P＜ 0.05）， while the protein expressions of Cyt-C， Bax， cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 were increased significantly （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS HJB can inhibit the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells， and induce their apoptosis.

Research advances in contact lens associated bacterial keratitis / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Contact lens(CL)is currently one of the most common methods of vision correction, with more than 140 million users worldwide and the demand is rising yearly as constantly development of materials and features. Wearing CL can lead to a variety of complications such as dry eye, corneal abrasions, giant papillary conjunctivitis, and infectious keratitis is one of the most severe complications. According to research, bacteria account for 80%～95% of the pathogens that cause CL-associated infective keratitis, it may have been related to the bacterial composition, virulence mechanism, biofilm formation and the combined effect of the lens itself and the process of use, which is prone to introducing pathogens, reducing antimicrobial capacity of the cornea and tears and causing ocular surface hypoxia and ocular surface inflammation. Overnight and prolonged lens wear, irregular lens purchase, use and care procedures can also be risk factors for bacterial infections. This article reviews the studies on the pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of CL-related bacterial keratitis.

Automatic evaluation system for ultrasound biomicroscopy images of anterior chamber angle based on deep learning algorithm / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the clinical application value of analysis system for ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM)images of anterior chamber angle(ACA)based on deep learning algorithm.METHODS: A total of 4 196 UBM images were obtained from 675 patients(1 130 eyes)at the Eye Center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2021 to June 2022 were collected to build an image dataset. Using Unet++network to automatically segment ACA tissue, a support vector machine(SVM)algorithm was developed to automatically classify opening and closing of chamber angle, and an algorithm to automatically locate the sclera spur and measure ACA parameters was developed. Furthermore, a total of 631 UBM images of 127 subjects(221 eyes)at Huangshi Aier Eye Hospital and 594 UBM images of 188 subjects(257 eyes)at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University were selected to evaluate the performance of the system under different environments.RESULTS: The accuracy of the analysis system constructed in this study for chamber angle opening and closing was 95.71%. The intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC)values of all ACA angle parameters were greater than 0.960. ICC values of all ACA thickness parameters were greater than 0.884. The accurate measurement of ACA parameters depended in part on the accurate location of the scleral spur.CONCLUSION: The intelligent analysis system constructed in this study can accurately and effectively evaluate ACA images automatically and is a potential screening tool for the rapid identification of ACA structures.

The effects of natural polysaccharide supramolecular hydrogel on bacteriostatic activity and biofilm clearance of berberine / 药学学报

Taking berberine (BBR) as an example, to study whether the supramolecular hydrogel formed by berberine and lotus root starch (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn; LRS), a natural polysaccharide, affects the inhibition to Staphylococcus aureus and the ability of biofilm clearance. The chemical structure and rheological properties of BBR@LRS gel were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and rheometer. The in vitro release of supramolecular hydrogel was observed at pH = 1.2 and pH = 7.4. Broth dilution method and biofilm clearence experiment were used to observe the bacteriostasis and biofilm clearance respectively. Cytotoxicity test and in vitro hemolysis test were used to evaluate the biosafety preliminarily. The results showed that the LRS polysaccharide hydrogel could encapsulate BBR, and there was an interaction between them. The BBR@LRS gel had good rheological properties and biosafety, and played a role in solubility enhancement and slow release of BBR, which was stronger than BBR in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and clearing biofilm. This study provides reference for the effect of natural polysaccharide supramolecular hydrogels on biological functions of active components of traditional Chinese medicine.

Left Ventricle Longitudinal Strain Parameters Are Effective for Differentiating Cardiac Amyloidosis from Primary Hypertensive Left Ventricular Hypertrophy / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo clarify the value of the left ventricular longitudinal strain（LVLS）parameters in patients with cardiac amyloidosis （CA） and primary hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy （HLVH）. MethodsForty-one patients confirmed with CA were selected and assigned to CA with hypertension group （n =14） and pure CA group （n=27） based on the initial diagnosis with or without hypertension. Twenty patients with primary hypertension-induced left ventricular hypertrophy （HLVH group） and twenty healthy controls were also selected， matching for gender， age， and body surface area. Clinical data， conventional echocardiography parameters were collected and LVLS parameters were measured. Within-group variations were compared among the four groups， and pairwise comparisons were conducted between groups. The sensitivity and specificity of each parameter in predicting CA were judged by the receiver operator characteristic （ROC） curvy in CA and HLVH patients with left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） preserved. ResultsAmong the conventional echocardiography parameters， LVEF and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVEDD） were lower in the CA with hypertension group and pure CA group compared with the higher values in the HLVH group and control group. Whereas， left ventricular posterior wall thickness （LVPWT）， relative wall thickness （RWT）， and average E/e' were higher in the two CA groups compared with the HLVH group （all P＜0.05）.Among the LVLS parameters， Global longitudinal strain （GLS） was the worst in the CA with hypertension group so as pure CA group， modest in the HLVH group， and highest in the control group. On the contrary， relative longitudinal strain and ejection fraction strain ratio （EFSR） were the highest in the CA with hypertension group so as to pure CA group， modest in the HLVH group， and lowest in the control group （all P＜0.05）. ROC analysis showed that when LVEF was preserved， the absolute value of GLS less than 14.35% and EFSR higher than 4.28 could effectively distinguish CA from HLVH （all AUCs＞0.9，all P＜0.05）； meanwhile GLS showed high sensitivity（100%） and EFSR showed great specificity（95%）. There were not statistically significance in any parameter between CA with hypertension group and pure CA group（all P＞0.05）. ConclusionWhether CA was complicated with hypertension or not， there were statistically significance among routine echocardiography and LVLS parameters compared with HLVH. In particular， GLS and EFSR are accurate in predicting CA in patients with myocardial hypertrophy and preserved LVEF.